á¹Ð¼Ùé»ÃСͺ¡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡ÍÒËÒÃä·Â »ÃѺµÑÇÃѺÁҵáÒà Food Defense ¢Í§ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ËÇѧ»éͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ÍÒËÒà ªÕé Food Defense ÊÃéÒ§ÁҵáÒûéͧ¡Ñ¹ÍÒËÒÃãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀѨҡ¡Òû¹à»×é͹â´Âਵ¹Ò 

¹ÒÂÂØ·¸ÈÑ¡´Ôì ÊØÀÊà ¼ÙéÍӹǡÒÃʶҺѹÍÒËÒÃ

¹ÒÂÂØ·¸ÈÑ¡´Ôì ÊØÀÊà ¼ÙéÍӹǡÒÃʶҺѹÍÒËÒà ¡ÅèÒÇÇèÒ µÑé§áµèà˵ءÒóì¡èÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒÂà¡Ô´¢Ö鹡Ѻ»ÃÐà·ÈÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 11 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒ¹ 2544 â´Â¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧºÔ¹¾Ø觪¹µÖ¡àÇÔÅì´à·Ã´ à«ç¹àµÍÃì áÅСÒÃá¾ÃèÃкҴ¢Í§àª×éÍâäá͹á·Ã¡«ì·Õè¼èÒ¹ÁÒ·Ò§¨´ËÁÒ ä´é     

áÊ´§ãËéàËç¹áÅéÇÇèÒÂØ·¸ÇÔ¸Õ㹡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒÂä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃá¼è¢ÂÒÂÍÍ¡ä»ÍÂèÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¢ÇÒ§ äÁèà¾Õ§áµèà»ç¹¡ÒÃãªéÍÒÇظà¾×èÍ¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒÂà·èÒ¹Ñé¹ áµèÂѧËÁÒÂÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃáÅСÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾´éÇ ·ÓãËéËÅÒ»ÃÐà·È àµÃÕÂÁÃѺÁ×ÍáÅÐà¾ÔèÁÁҵáÒõèÒ§æ à¾×èÍ»éͧ¡Ñ¹ÀѨҡ¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒÂÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ â´ÂãËé¤ÇÒÁʹ㨡Ѻ¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃÁÒ¡à»ç¹¾ÔàÈÉ à¾ÃÒÐÁͧÇèÒà»ç¹ÂØ·¸ÇÔ¸Õ·Õè¹ÔÂÁãªé㹡ÅØèÁ¼Ùé¡èÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ·ÕèäÁèÁÕà§Ô¹ËÃ×ÍäÁèÁÕà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·Õè´Õ¾Í 

ÊÓËÃѺÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò «Öè§à»ç¹»ÃÐà·È¤Ùè¤éÒ·ÕèÊӤѭ¢Í§ä·Â áÅÐà»ç¹»ÃÐà·È¤Ùè¤éÒ·ÕèãËé¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭ¡Ñº¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¡ÒÃÍÍ¡¡®ÃÐàºÕº áÅÐÁҵáÒõèÒ§æ àÃ×èͧ¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ·ҧ´éÒ¹ÍÒËÒà (Food Safety) ä´é»ÃѺ»ÃاÃкº¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ´éÒ¹ÍÒËÒà â´ÂÍÍ¡¡®ËÁÒ áÅÐà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Ñ鹵͹»¯ÔºÑµÔµèÒ§æ à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ¨Ò¡·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙèãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¢éÁ§Ç´ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹         

àÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÍÍ¡¡®ËÁÒ The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act 2002 ¢Öé¹ «Öè§à»ç¹¡®ËÁÒ·ÕèÇèÒ´éÇ¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ·ҧªÕÇÀÒ¾ â´ÂãËé¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭ¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ áÅФÇÒÁÁÑ蹤§·Ò§áËÅè§ÍÒËÒâͧÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò       

â´ÂãËéÍӹҨ˹éÒ·Õèá¡è FDA áÅÐ USDA 㹡ÒõÃǨÊͺ áÅдÓà¹Ô¹¡ÒõèÒ§æ à¾×èÍãËéá¹èã¨ÇèÒÊÔ¹¤éÒÍÒËÒ÷Ñ駷Õè¼ÅÔµÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·È áÅзÕè¹Óà¢éÒ¨Ò¡µèÒ§»ÃÐà·È ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ»ÃÒȨҡÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡªÕÇÀÒ¾ à¤ÁÕ ¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ áÅÐÊÔè§á»Å¡»ÅÍÁÍ×è¹æ ·Õè¼Ùé¡èÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒÂÍÒ¨ãªéà»ç¹ÍÒÇظ㹡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Òä´é Ê觼ÅãËé¼Ùé»ÃСͺ¡ÒÃÍÒËÒâͧä·Âµéͧ»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁà§×è͹䢵èÒ§æ áÅÐÁÕ¤èÒãªé¨èÒÂ㹡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡ÊÔ¹¤éÒÍÒËÒÃä»ÂѧÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Òà¾ÔèÁÁÒ¡¢Öé¹

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò Âѧä´é¾Ñ²¹ÒÃкº¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ·ҧÍÒËÒÃÃٻẺãËÁè¢Öé¹ à¾×èÍãªéà»ç¹¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ÍÒËÒà ·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ Food Defense ·Õèà»ç¹ÁҵáÒûéͧ¡Ñ¹ÍÒËÒÃãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀѨҡ¡Òû¹à»×é͹â´Âਵ¹Ò (Intentional Adulteration)          

«Öè§áµ¡µèÒ§¨Ò¡ Food Safety à»ç¹¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹ãËéÍÒËÒûÅÍ´ÀѨҡ¡Òû¹à»×é͹â´ÂäÁèä´éਵ¹Ò (Unintentional Adulteration) ¡ÒùÓÃкº Food Defense ÁÒãªé à¾×èÍà»ç¹¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹áÅеͺâµÀѤء¤ÒÁ·Ò§´éÒ¹ÍÒËÒÃã¹ÃкºËèǧâ«èÍÒËÒà ÃÇÁ·Ñ駪èÇ¿×鹿٤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑ蹢ͧ¼ÙéºÃÔâÀ¤ ·ÕèÁÕµèͤÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀѵÅÍ´Ëèǧâ«èÍÒËÒÃ

»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ Food Defense ÂѧäÁèä´éà»ç¹ÁҵáÒ÷Õè¡®ËÁÒºѧ¤Ñºãªé áµè¼Ùé»ÃСͺ¡ÒáçÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÁѤÃ㨷Õè¨Ð¹ÓÁҵáÒôѧ¡ÅèÒǹÕéÁÒãªé à¾ÃÒеéͧ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑè¹ã¹¤Ø³ÀÒ¾¢Í§ÊÔ¹¤éÒ ¨Ò¡¢éÍÁÙÅÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒûÃЪØÁ APEC Food Defense Pilot Project àÁ×èÍà´×͹ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2552 ¾ºÇèÒ âç§Ò¹¼ÅÔµà¹×éÍÊѵÇìã¹ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ·ÕèÁըӹǹ¡ÇèÒ 5,000 áËè§ ÁÕ¡ÒèѴ·ÓÃкº Food Defense ¶Ö§ 2,005 áËè§ ËÃ×Í»ÃÐÁÒ³ÃéÍÂÅÐ 40 ¢Í§âç§Ò¹¼ÅÔµà¹×éÍÊѵÇì·Ñé§ËÁ´          

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé »ÃÐà·ÈÍ×è¹æ ÁÕÁҵáÒûéͧ¡Ñ¹¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ·Õè¼èÒ¹·Ò§ÍÒËÒôéÇÂàªè¹¡Ñ¹ äÁèÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹·Ò§ÊËÀÒ¾ÂØâû (EU) ·ÕèÁÕÁҵáÒ÷Õè¤ÅéÒ¡ѹ Food Defense áµè¢Í§ EU àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ Food Security ËÃ×Í»ÃÐà·È㹡ÅØèÁ Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) ¡çãËé¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭâ´Â¡ÒèѴµÑé§ APEC Food Defense Pilot Project ¢Öé¹ 

¡ÒáèÍ¡ÒÃÃéÒ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ÍÒËÒà ÍÒ¨Âѧà»ç¹àÃ×èͧãËÁèáÅÐà»ç¹àÃ×èͧä¡ÅµÑÇÊÓËÃѺÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁÍÒËÒâͧä·Â áµèã¹Í¹Ò¤µ¤Ò´ÇèÒ Food Defense ÍÒ¨à»ç¹Ãкº·ÕèÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ¨Ð¹ÓÁҺѧ¤ÑºãªéµèͼÙé»ÃСͺ¡ÒÃÍÒËÒ÷Ñé§ã¹áÅеèÒ§»ÃÐà·È «Öè§ËÒ¡µéͧ·Ó¡ÒäéҡѺÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡ÒáÅéÇ ¼Ùé»ÃСͺ¡ÒäÇ÷ӤÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨠áÅÐàµÃÕÂÁ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÃéÍÁ㹡ÒùÓÃкº¹ÕéÁÒãªé à¾×èÍãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂáÅÐÁÑè¹ã¨á¡è¼ÙéºÃÔâÀ¤ÁÒ¡ÂÔ觢Öé¹

à¾ÃÒÐËÒ¡à¡Ô´»Ñ­ËÒ¢Öé¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨Ð·ÓãËéÁÕ¼Ùé»èÇÂËÃ×ÍàÊÕªÕÇÔµà»ç¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡áÅéÇÂѧÊ觼ÅãËé¼ÙéºÃÔâÀ¤à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÇÔµ¡¡Ñ§ÇšѺ»Ñ­ËÒ¨¹¢Ò´¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑè¹µèÍÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁÍÒËÒâͧä·Â·Ñé§Ãкºä´é ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ËÒ¡»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁըشÂ×¹·Õè¨Ð¡éÒÇä»ÊÙè¡ÒÃà»ç¹¤ÃÑǢͧâÅ¡áÅéÇ ¡ÒüÅÔµÍÒËÒÃà¾×èÍ»é͹á¡è»Ò¡·éͧ¢Í§»ÃЪҡÃâÅ¡¨Ðµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂãËéÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´